A closed system is a physical system that does not allow transfer of matter in or out of the system, though, in different contexts, such as physics, chemistry or engineering, the transfer of energy is or is not allowed.
Example: The contents of a pressure cooker on a stove with its lid tightly closed and the whistle in position, is a closed system as no mass can enter or leave the pressure cooker, but heat can be transferred to it.
es: Sistema cerrado
Conduction
noun
The process by which heat is directly transmitted through a substance when there is a difference of temperature between adjoining regions, without movement of the material.
Example: The heat from a hot liquid makes the cup itself hot. If you grab a cup that has hot coffee, tea or broth in it, the cup itself will be hot and your hands will feel it.
es: Conducción
Convection
noun
The movement caused within a fluid by the tendency of hotter and therefore less dense material to rise, and colder, denser material to sink under the influence of gravity, which consequently results in transfer of heat.
Example: Hot air balloon - A heater inside a hot air balloon heats the air, causing the air to move upward. This causes the balloon to rise because the hot air gets trapped inside. When the pilot wants to descend, the individual will release some of the hot air. Cool air takes its place, causing the balloon to lower.
es: Convección
Heat Transfer
noun
Heat transfer is a discipline of thermal engineering that concerns the generation, use, conversion, and exchange of thermal energy (heat) between physical systems.
Example: The warming of the Earth by the Sun.
es: Transferencia de calor
Internal energy
noun
Internal energy, in thermodynamics, the property or state function that defines the energy of a substance in the absence of effects due to capillarity and external electric, magnetic, and other fields.
Example: A glass of water at room temperature which is kept on a shelf or table. This glass of water has no apparent energy(potential or kinetic).
es: Energía interna
Open system
noun
A material system in which mass or energy can be lost to or gained from the environment
Example: When you are boiling soup in an open saucepan on a stove, energy and matter are being transferred to the surroundings through steam.
Radiation
noun
The emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving subatomic particles, especially high-energy particles which cause ionization.
Example: Ultraviolet light from the sun
es: Radiación
Total energy
noun
The total energy of a thermodynamic system is equal to the sum of the internal energy plus the potential energy plus the kinetic energy.
Example: Water, at the top of a waterfall, is potential energy. It is moving kinetic energy.
